Kejadian 1:8

1:8 God called the expanse “sky.” ¹  There was evening, and there was morning, a second day.

Kejadian 8:3-4

8:3 The waters kept receding steadily ²  from the earth, so that they ³  had gone down ⁴  by the end of the 150 days. 8:4 On the seventeenth day of the seventh month, the ark came to rest on one of the mountains of Ararat. ⁵ 

Kejadian 8:6

8:6 At the end of forty days, ⁶  Noah opened the window he had made in the ark ⁷ 

Kejadian 31:39

31:39 Animals torn by wild beasts I never brought to you; I always absorbed the loss myself. ⁸  You always made me pay for every missing animal, ⁹  whether it was taken by day or at night.

[1:8]  ¹ tn Though the Hebrew word can mean “heaven,” it refers in this context to “the sky.”

[8:3]  ² tn The construction combines a Qal preterite from שׁוּב (shuv) with its infinitive absolute to indicate continuous action. The infinitive absolute from הָלָךְ (halakh) is included for emphasis: “the waters returned…going and returning.”

[8:3]  ³ tn Heb “the waters.” The pronoun (“they”) has been employed in the translation for stylistic reasons.

[8:3]  ⁴ tn The vav (ו) consecutive with the preterite here describes the consequence of the preceding action.

[8:4]  ⁵ tn Heb “on the mountains of Ararat.” Obviously a boat (even one as large as the ark) cannot rest on multiple mountains. Perhaps (1) the preposition should be translated “among,” or (2) the plural “mountains” should be understood in the sense of “mountain range” (see E. A. Speiser, Genesis [AB], 53). A more probable option (3) is that the plural indicates an indefinite singular, translated “one of the mountains” (see GKC 400 §124.o).

[8:4]  sn Ararat is the Hebrew name for Urartu, the name of a mountainous region located north of Mesopotamia in modern day eastern Turkey. See E. M. Yamauchi, Foes from the Northern Frontier (SBA), 29-32; G. J. Wenham, Genesis (WBC), 1:184-85; C. Westermann, Genesis, 1:443-44.

[8:6]  ⁶ tn The introductory verbal form וַיְהִי (vayÿhi), traditionally rendered “and it came to pass,” serves as a temporal indicator and has not been translated here.

[8:6]  ⁷ tn Heb “opened the window in the ark which he had made.” The perfect tense (“had made”) refers to action preceding the opening of the window, and is therefore rendered as a past perfect. Since in English “had made” could refer to either the ark or the window, the order of the phrases was reversed in the translation to clarify that the window is the referent.

[31:39]  ⁸ tn The imperfect verbal form indicates that this was a customary or typical action.

[31:39]  ⁹ tn Heb “from my hand you exacted it.” The imperfect verbal form again indicates that this was a customary or typical action. The words “for every missing animal” are supplied in the translation for clarity; the following clause in Hebrew, “stolen by day or stolen by night,” probably means “stolen by wild beasts” and refers to the same animals “torn by wild beasts” in the previous clause, although it may refer to animals stolen by people. The translation used here, “missing,” is ambiguous enough to cover either eventuality.